|
|
|
|
Lecture #3 (Document Reading: Champlain's Founding of Quebec, 1608) (Click here for questions about the Bruce Trigger Reading.) (Document Reading: The Jesuit Relations) Lecture #5 (Click here for questions about the Arthur Ray Reading) The following are paintings of Iroquois chiefs completed by the Dutch artist Jan Verelst (1648-1734) in 1710. Verelst was commissioned by Queen Anne of England to paint the portraits of these chiefs when they visited London. While the portraits are somewhat stylized, perhaps to represent the European image of the "noble savage," they provide an interesting depiction of Iroquois chiefs. The inability of Europeans to appreciate the nature of Iroquois political structure is evident also by the titles given to these men: King or Emperor. Note that at the feet of each chief is an indication of what clan they belonged to (as represented by the animal). These four paintings are known collectively as "The Four Indian Kings" although each has an individual name. The clan totems indicated (wolf, bear, and turtle) mean that these were all Mohawk chiefs.
Sa Ga Yeath Qua Pieth Tow, King of the Maquas 
Tee Yee Neen Ho Ga Row, Emperor of the Six Nations
Ho Nee Yeath Taw No Row, King of the Generethgarich
Etow Oh Koam, King of the River Nation. |
